CPU families supported Computer
type
Package Pin
count
Pin pitch Bus speed Notes
DIP 1970s Still
available
Intel 8086
Intel 8088
DIP 40 2.54mm 5/10 MHz
PLCC ? Still
available
Intel 80186
Intel 80286
Intel 80386
PLCC 68,
132
1.27mm 6–40 MHz
Socket
1
1989 ? Intel 80486 PGA 169 ? 16–50 MHz
Socket
2
? ? Intel 80486 PGA 238 ? 16–50 MHz
Socket
3
1991 ? Intel 80486 PGA 237 ? 16–50 MHz
Socket
4
? ? Intel Pentium PGA 273 ? 60–66 MHz
Socket
5
? ? Intel Pentium
AMD K5
IDT WinChip C6
IDT WinChip 2
PGA 320 ? 50–66 MHz
Socket
6
? ? Intel 80486 PGA 235 ? ? Designed
but not used
Socket
7
1994 ? Intel Pentium
Intel Pentium MMX
AMD K6
PGA 321 ? 50–66 MHz
Super
Socket
7
1998 ? AMD K6-2
AMD K6-III
Rise mP6
Cyrix MII
PGA 321 ? 66–100 MHz
Socket
8
1995 ? Intel Pentium Pro PGA 387 ? 60–66 MHz
Slot 1 1997 ? Intel Pentium II
Intel Pentium III
Slot 242 ? 66–133 MHz Celeron
(Covington,
Mendocino)
Pentium II
(Klamath,
Deschutes)
Pentium III
(Katmai)- all
versions
Pentium III
(coppermine)
Slot 2 1998 ? Intel Pentium II Xeon Slot 330 ? 100–133 MHz
Socket
463/
Socket
NexGen
? ? NexGen Nx586 PGA 463 ? ?
Socket
587
? ? Alpha 21164A Slot 587 ? ?
Slot A 1999 ? AMD Athlon Slot 242 ? 100 MHz
CPU socket 3
Slot B ? ? Alpha 21264 Slot 587 ? ?
Socket
370
1999 ? Intel Pentium III
Intel Celeron
VIA Cyrix III
VIA C3
PGA 370 1.27mm[1] 66–133 MHz
Socket
462/
Socket
A
2000 ? AMD Athlon
AMD Duron
AMD Athlon XP
AMD Athlon XP-M
AMD Athlon MP
AMD Sempron
Desktop PGA 462 ? 100–200 MHz This is
a double data rate bus
having a 400 MT/s
(megatransfers/second)
fsb in the later models
Socket
423
2000 ? Intel Pentium 4 PGA 423 1mm[2] 400 MT/s (100 MHz) Willamette
core only
Socket
478/
Socket
N
2000 ~2007 Intel Pentium 4
Intel Celeron
Intel Pentium 4 EE
Intel Pentium 4 M
PGA 478 1.27mm[3] 400–800 MT/s
(100–200 MHz)
Socket
495
2000 ? Intel Celeron PGA 495 1.27mm[4] ?
PAC418 2001 ? Intel Itanium PGA 418 ? 133 MHz
Socket
603
2001 ? Intel Xeon PGA 603 1.27mm[] 400–533 MT/s
(100–133 MHz)
PAC611 2002 ? Intel Itanium 2
HP PA-8800, PA-8900
PGA 611 ? ?
Socket
604
2002 ? Intel Xeon PGA 604 1.27mm[] 400–1066 MT/s
(100–266 MHz)
Socket
754
2003 ? AMD Athlon 64
AMD Sempron
AMD Turion 64
PGA 754 1.27mm[5] 200–800 MHz
Socket
940
2003 ? AMD Opteron Athlon 64
FX
PGA 940 1.27mm[] 200–1000 MHz
Socket
479
2003 ? Intel Pentium M
Intel Celeron M
PGA 479[6] ? 400–533 MT/s
(100–133 MHz)
Socket
939
2004 11/2008 AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon 64 FX
AMD Athlon 64 X2
AMD Opteron
Desktop PGA 939 1.27mm[] 200–1000 MHz Support of
Athlon 64
FX to 1 GHz
Support of
Opteron
limited to
100-series
only
LGA
775/
Socket
T
2004 ? Intel Pentium 4
Intel Pentium D
Intel Celeron
Intel Celeron D
Intel Pentium XE
Intel Core 2 Duo
Intel Core 2 Quad
Intel Xeon
Desktop LGA 775 1.09mm x
1.17mm[7]
1600 MHz
Socket
563
? ? AMD Athlon XP-M PGA 563 ? ?
CPU socket 4
Socket
M
2006 ? Intel Core Solo
Intel Core Duo
Intel Dual-Core Xeon
Intel Core 2 Duo
Notebook PGA 478 ? 533–667 MT/s
(133–166 MHz)
Replaces
Socket 479
LGA
771/
Socket
J
2006 ? Intel Xeon Server LGA 771 1.09mm x
1.17mm[8]
1600 MHz
Socket
S1
2006 ? AMD Turion 64 X2 PGA 638 1.27mm[9] 200–800 MHz
Socket
AM2
2006 ? AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon 64 X2
PGA 940 1.27mm[] 200–1000 MHz Replaces
Socket 754
and Socket
939
Socket
F
2006 ? AMD Athlon 64 FX
AMD Opteron
LGA 1207 1.1mm[10] ? Replaces
Socket 940
Socket
AM2+
2007 ? AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon X2
AMD Phenom
AMD Phenom II
PGA 940 1.27mm[] 200–2600 MHz Separated
power
planes
Replaces
Socket AM2
AM2+ Pkg.
CPUs can
work in
Socket AM2
AM2 Pkg.
CPUs can
work in
Socket
AM2+
Socket
P
2007 ? Intel Core 2 Notebook PGA 478 533–1066 MT/s
(133–266 MHz)
Replaces
Socket M
Socket
441
2008 ? Intel Atom Sub-notebook PGA 441 ? 400–667 MHz
LGA
1366/
Socket
B
2008 ? Intel Core i7 (900 series)
Intel Xeon (35xx, 36xx,
55xx, 56xx series)
Server LGA 1366 4.8-6.4 GT/s Replaces
Socket J
(LGA 771)
in the entry
level.
rPGA
988A/
Socket
G1
2008 ? Intel Core i7 (600, 700,
800, 900 series)
Intel Core i5 (400, 500
series)
Intel Core i3 (300 series)
Intel Pentium (P6000
series)
Intel Celeron (P4000
series)
Notebook rPGA 988 1mm 2.5GT/s, 4.8GT/s
CPU socket 5
Socket
AM3
2009 ? AMD Phenom II
AMD Athlon II
AMD Sempron
PGA 941[11]
or
940[12]
1.27mm[] 200–3200 MHz Separated
power
planes
Replaces
Socket
AM2+
AM3 Pkg.
CPUs can
work in
Socket
AM2/AM2+
Sempron
140 Only
LGA
1156/
Socket
H
2009 2012 Intel Core i7 (800 series)
Intel Core i5 (700, 600
series)
Intel Core i3 (500 series)
Intel Xeon (X3400,
L3400 series)
Intel Pentium (G6000
series)
Intel Celeron (G1000
series)
Desktop LGA 1156 ? 2.5 GT/s DMI bus is a
(perhaps
modified)
PCI-E x4
v1.1
interface
Socket
G34
2010 ? AMD Opteron (6000
series)
LGA 1974 ? 200–3200 MHz Replaces
Socket F
Socket
C32
2010 ? AMD Opteron (4000
series)
LGA 1207 ? 200–3200 MHz Replaces
Socket F,
Socket AM3
LGA
1248
2010 ? Intel Intel Itanium
9300-series
Server LGA 1248 ? 4.8 GT/s
LGA
1567
2010 ? Intel Intel Xeon
6500/7500-series
Server LGA 1567 ? 4.8-6.4 GT/s
LGA
1155/
Socket
H2
2011/Q1
2011.01.09
? Intel Sandy Bridge
Intel Ivy Bridge
Desktop LGA 1155 ? 5.7, GT/s Sandy
Bridge
supports 20
PCI-E 2.0
lanes.
Ivy Bridge
supports 40
PCI-E 3.0
lanes.
Intel
Mainstream
Socket.
CPU socket 6
LGA
2011/
Socket
R
2011/Q3
(2011.11.14)
? Intel Sandy Bridge-E
Intel Ivy Bridge-E
Server LGA 2011 ? 4.8-6.4 GT/s Sandy
Bridge
supports 20
PCI-E 2.0
lanes.
Ivy Bridge
supports 40
PCI-E 3.0
lanes.
Intel
enthusiast
Socket.
rPGA
988B/
Socket
G2
2011 ? Intel Core i7 (2000, 3000
series)
Intel Core i5 (2000, 3000
series)
Intel Core i3 (2000, 3000
series)
Notebook rPGA 988 1mm 2.5GT/s, 4.8GT/s
Socket
FM1
2011 ? AMD Llano Processors Desktop PGA 905 1.27mm used for 1st
generation
APUs
Socket
AM3+
2011 ? AMD FX Vishera
AMD FX Zambezi
AMD Phenom II
AMD Athlon II
AMD Sempron
Desktop PGA 942
(CPU
71pin)
1.27mm
Socket
FM2
2012 ? AMD Trinity Processors Desktop PGA 904 1.27mm used for 2nd
generation
APUs
LGA
1150/
Socket
H3
2013/Q2
(2013.06.02)
? Intel Haswell
Intel Broadwell
Desktop LGA 1150 ?
Socket
G3/
Socket
G3
2013/Q2 ? Intel Haswell
Intel Broadwell
Notebook rPGA 889 ?
Socket
name
Year of
introduction
Year of
EOL
CPU families Computer
type
Package Pin
count
Pin pitch Bus speed Notes
CPU socket 7
Slotkets
Slotkets are special adapters for using socket processors in bus-compatible slot motherboards.
References
[6] CPU only has 478 pins, but the socket has 479.
[11] CPU only has 938 pins, but the socket has 941.
[12] AMD Documentation

CPU socket 1
CPU socket
LGA 775, an LGA Socket
Socket A (also known as Socket 462)
A CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical
component(s) that provides mechanical and electrical
connections between a microprocessor and a printed
circuit board (PCB). This allows the CPU to be
replaced without soldering.
Common sockets have retention clips that apply a
constant force, which must be overcome when a device
is inserted. For chips with a large number of pins, either
zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets or land grid array
(LGA) sockets are used instead. These designs apply a
compression force once either a handle (for ZIF type)
or a surface plate (LGA type) is put into place. This
provides superior mechanical retention while avoiding
the risk of bending pins when inserting the chip into the
socket.
CPU sockets are used in desktop and server computers.
As they allow easy swapping of components, they are
also used for prototyping new circuits. Laptops
typically use surface mount CPUs, which need less
space than a socketed part.
Function
A CPU socket is made of plastic, a lever or latch, and
metal contacts for each of the pins or lands on the CPU.
Many packages are keyed to ensure the proper insertion
of the CPU. CPUs with a PGA (pin grid array) package
are inserted into the socket and the latch is closed.
CPUs with an LGA package are inserted into the
socket, the latch plate is flipped into position atop the
CPU, and the lever is lowered and locked into place,
pressing the CPU's contacts firmly against the socket's
lands and ensuring a good connection, as well as increased mechanical stability.
List of 80x86 sockets and slots
CPU socket 2
Socket
name
Year of
introduction
Year of
End Of
Life
CPU families supported Computer
type
Package Pin
count
Pin pitch Bus speed Notes
DIP 1970s Still
available
Intel 8086
Intel 8088
DIP 40 2.54mm 5/10 MHz
PLCC ? Still
available
Intel 80186
Intel 80286
Intel 80386
PLCC 68,
132
1.27mm 6–40 MHz
Socket
1
1989 ? Intel 80486 PGA 169 ? 16–50 MHz
Socket
2
? ? Intel 80486 PGA 238 ? 16–50 MHz
Socket
3
1991 ? Intel 80486 PGA 237 ? 16–50 MHz
Socket
4
? ? Intel Pentium PGA 273 ? 60–66 MHz
Socket
5
? ? Intel Pentium
AMD K5
IDT WinChip C6
IDT WinChip 2
PGA 320 ? 50–66 MHz
Socket
6
? ? Intel 80486 PGA 235 ? ? Designed
but not used
Socket
7
1994 ? Intel Pentium
Intel Pentium MMX
AMD K6
PGA 321 ? 50–66 MHz
Super
Socket
7
1998 ? AMD K6-2
AMD K6-III
Rise mP6
Cyrix MII
PGA 321 ? 66–100 MHz
Socket
8
1995 ? Intel Pentium Pro PGA 387 ? 60–66 MHz
Slot 1 1997 ? Intel Pentium II
Intel Pentium III
Slot 242 ? 66–133 MHz Celeron
(Covington,
Mendocino)
Pentium II
(Klamath,
Deschutes)
Pentium III
(Katmai)- all
versions
Pentium III
(coppermine)
Slot 2 1998 ? Intel Pentium II Xeon Slot 330 ? 100–133 MHz
Socket
463/
Socket
NexGen
? ? NexGen Nx586 PGA 463 ? ?
Socket
587
? ? Alpha 21164A Slot 587 ? ?
Slot A 1999 ? AMD Athlon Slot 242 ? 100 MHz
CPU socket 3
Slot B ? ? Alpha 21264 Slot 587 ? ?
Socket
370
1999 ? Intel Pentium III
Intel Celeron
VIA Cyrix III
VIA C3
PGA 370 1.27mm[1] 66–133 MHz
Socket
462/
Socket
A
2000 ? AMD Athlon
AMD Duron
AMD Athlon XP
AMD Athlon XP-M
AMD Athlon MP
AMD Sempron
Desktop PGA 462 ? 100–200 MHz This is
a double data rate bus
having a 400 MT/s
(megatransfers/second)
fsb in the later models
Socket
423
2000 ? Intel Pentium 4 PGA 423 1mm[2] 400 MT/s (100 MHz) Willamette
core only
Socket
478/
Socket
N
2000 ~2007 Intel Pentium 4
Intel Celeron
Intel Pentium 4 EE
Intel Pentium 4 M
PGA 478 1.27mm[3] 400–800 MT/s
(100–200 MHz)
Socket
495
2000 ? Intel Celeron PGA 495 1.27mm[4] ?
PAC418 2001 ? Intel Itanium PGA 418 ? 133 MHz
Socket
603
2001 ? Intel Xeon PGA 603 1.27mm[] 400–533 MT/s
(100–133 MHz)
PAC611 2002 ? Intel Itanium 2
HP PA-8800, PA-8900
PGA 611 ? ?
Socket
604
2002 ? Intel Xeon PGA 604 1.27mm[] 400–1066 MT/s
(100–266 MHz)
Socket
754
2003 ? AMD Athlon 64
AMD Sempron
AMD Turion 64
PGA 754 1.27mm[5] 200–800 MHz
Socket
940
2003 ? AMD Opteron Athlon 64
FX
PGA 940 1.27mm[] 200–1000 MHz
Socket
479
2003 ? Intel Pentium M
Intel Celeron M
PGA 479[6] ? 400–533 MT/s
(100–133 MHz)
Socket
939
2004 11/2008 AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon 64 FX
AMD Athlon 64 X2
AMD Opteron
Desktop PGA 939 1.27mm[] 200–1000 MHz Support of
Athlon 64
FX to 1 GHz
Support of
Opteron
limited to
100-series
only
LGA
775/
Socket
T
2004 ? Intel Pentium 4
Intel Pentium D
Intel Celeron
Intel Celeron D
Intel Pentium XE
Intel Core 2 Duo
Intel Core 2 Quad
Intel Xeon
Desktop LGA 775 1.09mm x
1.17mm[7]
1600 MHz
Socket
563
? ? AMD Athlon XP-M PGA 563 ? ?
CPU socket 4
Socket
M
2006 ? Intel Core Solo
Intel Core Duo
Intel Dual-Core Xeon
Intel Core 2 Duo
Notebook PGA 478 ? 533–667 MT/s
(133–166 MHz)
Replaces
Socket 479
LGA
771/
Socket
J
2006 ? Intel Xeon Server LGA 771 1.09mm x
1.17mm[8]
1600 MHz
Socket
S1
2006 ? AMD Turion 64 X2 PGA 638 1.27mm[9] 200–800 MHz
Socket
AM2
2006 ? AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon 64 X2
PGA 940 1.27mm[] 200–1000 MHz Replaces
Socket 754
and Socket
939
Socket
F
2006 ? AMD Athlon 64 FX
AMD Opteron
LGA 1207 1.1mm[10] ? Replaces
Socket 940
Socket
AM2+
2007 ? AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon X2
AMD Phenom
AMD Phenom II
PGA 940 1.27mm[] 200–2600 MHz Separated
power
planes
Replaces
Socket AM2
AM2+ Pkg.
CPUs can
work in
Socket AM2
AM2 Pkg.
CPUs can
work in
Socket
AM2+
Socket
P
2007 ? Intel Core 2 Notebook PGA 478 533–1066 MT/s
(133–266 MHz)
Replaces
Socket M
Socket
441
2008 ? Intel Atom Sub-notebook PGA 441 ? 400–667 MHz
LGA
1366/
Socket
B
2008 ? Intel Core i7 (900 series)
Intel Xeon (35xx, 36xx,
55xx, 56xx series)
Server LGA 1366 4.8-6.4 GT/s Replaces
Socket J
(LGA 771)
in the entry
level.
rPGA
988A/
Socket
G1
2008 ? Intel Core i7 (600, 700,
800, 900 series)
Intel Core i5 (400, 500
series)
Intel Core i3 (300 series)
Intel Pentium (P6000
series)
Intel Celeron (P4000
series)
Notebook rPGA 988 1mm 2.5GT/s, 4.8GT/s
CPU socket 5
Socket
AM3
2009 ? AMD Phenom II
AMD Athlon II
AMD Sempron
PGA 941[11]
or
940[12]
1.27mm[] 200–3200 MHz Separated
power
planes
Replaces
Socket
AM2+
AM3 Pkg.
CPUs can
work in
Socket
AM2/AM2+
Sempron
140 Only
LGA
1156/
Socket
H
2009 2012 Intel Core i7 (800 series)
Intel Core i5 (700, 600
series)
Intel Core i3 (500 series)
Intel Xeon (X3400,
L3400 series)
Intel Pentium (G6000
series)
Intel Celeron (G1000
series)
Desktop LGA 1156 ? 2.5 GT/s DMI bus is a
(perhaps
modified)
PCI-E x4
v1.1
interface
Socket
G34
2010 ? AMD Opteron (6000
series)
LGA 1974 ? 200–3200 MHz Replaces
Socket F
Socket
C32
2010 ? AMD Opteron (4000
series)
LGA 1207 ? 200–3200 MHz Replaces
Socket F,
Socket AM3
LGA
1248
2010 ? Intel Intel Itanium
9300-series
Server LGA 1248 ? 4.8 GT/s
LGA
1567
2010 ? Intel Intel Xeon
6500/7500-series
Server LGA 1567 ? 4.8-6.4 GT/s
LGA
1155/
Socket
H2
2011/Q1
2011.01.09
? Intel Sandy Bridge
Intel Ivy Bridge
Desktop LGA 1155 ? 5.7, GT/s Sandy
Bridge
supports 20
PCI-E 2.0
lanes.
Ivy Bridge
supports 40
PCI-E 3.0
lanes.
Intel
Mainstream
Socket.
CPU socket 6
LGA
2011/
Socket
R
2011/Q3
(2011.11.14)
? Intel Sandy Bridge-E
Intel Ivy Bridge-E
Server LGA 2011 ? 4.8-6.4 GT/s Sandy
Bridge
supports 20
PCI-E 2.0
lanes.
Ivy Bridge
supports 40
PCI-E 3.0
lanes.
Intel
enthusiast
Socket.
rPGA
988B/
Socket
G2
2011 ? Intel Core i7 (2000, 3000
series)
Intel Core i5 (2000, 3000
series)
Intel Core i3 (2000, 3000
series)
Notebook rPGA 988 1mm 2.5GT/s, 4.8GT/s
Socket
FM1
2011 ? AMD Llano Processors Desktop PGA 905 1.27mm used for 1st
generation
APUs
Socket
AM3+
2011 ? AMD FX Vishera
AMD FX Zambezi
AMD Phenom II
AMD Athlon II
AMD Sempron
Desktop PGA 942
(CPU
71pin)
1.27mm
Socket
FM2
2012 ? AMD Trinity Processors Desktop PGA 904 1.27mm used for 2nd
generation
APUs
LGA
1150/
Socket
H3
2013/Q2
(2013.06.02)
? Intel Haswell
Intel Broadwell
Desktop LGA 1150 ?
Socket
G3/
Socket
G3
2013/Q2 ? Intel Haswell
Intel Broadwell
Notebook rPGA 889 ?
Socket
name
Year of
introduction
Year of
EOL
CPU families Computer
type
Package Pin
count
Pin pitch Bus speed Notes
CPU socket 7
Slotkets
Slotkets are special adapters for using socket processors in bus-compatible slot motherboards.
References
[6] CPU only has 478 pins, but the socket has 479.
[11] CPU only has 938 pins, but the socket has 941.
[12] AMD Documentation
External links
• Socket ID Guide (http:/ / www. cpushack. net/ SocketID. html)
• CPU Sockets Chart (http:/ / pclinks. xtreemhost. com/ ) - A fairly detailed table listing x86 Sockets and associated
attributes.
• techPowerUp! CPU Database (http:/ / www. techpowerup. com/ cpudb/ )
• Processor sockets (http:/ / www. cpu-world. com/ Sockets/ index. html)
Article Sources and Contributors 8
Article Sources and Contributors
CPU socket Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=559642167 Contributors: AMD64, AdjustShift, AeonHun, Agateller, Al Lemos, Alansohn, Aldie, AleksaITInfo, Aluvus,
Andrewcrawford, Andros 1337, Arndbergmann, Arthena, Asa Zernik, Aunva6, Azazello, BMT, Bellamatte, Bluewater4050, Bomazi, Chealer, Cheezmeister, Chepry, Chris S, Chris the speller,
Christopherlin, Commandersonic00, CoupleKlonopin, Curiouscorey, DanielCD, DaveJB, Denisarona, Denniss, Devzero2000, Diblidabliduu, Download, DuoDeathscyther 02, Dysprosia, Ed g2s,
Electron9, Elhoim, FReaKaNDeLL, Falante, Feneeth of Borg, Fernvale, Fofo fr, Frap, FxJ, Fylbecatulous, Fæ, Galraedia, Ganimoth, Gardar Rurak, Gaul, Giraffedata, Goatonastik, Gogo Dodo,
GoldKanga, Greyhound64, Groupmsl, Guy Harris, Hawke666, Hellcat fighter, Ibliz, Ihavearedcouch, InternetMeme, Intgr, Iridescent, Ixfd64, JDrage, James086, JamesBWatson, Jamoross,
Janegro24, Jasonr lau, Jayetheartist, Jeffq, Jgp, JordiG, Jovincruzin, KFP, Kaini, Kaizehk, Kbolino, Kernel.package, Kh555, Klilidiplomus, Kool2bchilln, Korath, Krishna.91, Kumul, Leedeth,
Lenry NmQ, Lprd2007, LuK3, Luihopan, LukeDG, Lzur, Mathias-S, Mertcan137, Mibilove, Mohammad-Zuhair, Moxfyre, Navair2, Nerfari, NoErr, Norm, Octahedron80, Oni Lukos, P345,
PHenry, Paranoidmage, Paul1337, Pgk1, PhilKnight, Pinkadelica, Placi1982, Polarissilver, Praetor alpha, Quadell, Questionlp, Raamin, Rambaye, Rd232, Rilak, Salam32, Sbenton, Seaphoto,
Serjio-pt, ServXtrem, SheeEttin, Shreeharsha, Silvrous, Siuming2004, Smartmlp, Snickerdo, Spongefrog, SteinbDJ, Straterra, Suigi, Tbjablin, Tharsaile, The great kawa, ThedonIntelAMD,
Thenborn, TheoloJ, TimBentley, TimSE, Tobias Bergemann, Tom strom, Tuxthepenguin933, UncleDouggie, Versageek, Voidxor, WannabeAmatureHistorian, Wderousse, Wengier, Werdan7,
WizardOfTheNorth, Wtshymanski, Xajel, Xeper, XselenS, Yellow2140, Yyy, Zanimum, Zarius, Отец Евгений, 394 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:CPU Socket 775 T.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:CPU_Socket_775_T.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Appaloosa
File:SocketA.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:SocketA.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: FxJ
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

Intel  Desktop Processors

Intel 4004

Intel  8086

Intel 8088

Intel 80286

Intel 80386

Intel 80486

Intel Pentium MMX

Intel Pentium II

Intel Pentium III

Intel Pentium IV

Intel Pentium  Dual Core

Intel Core 2 duo

Intel Core 2duo quard

Intel Core i3

Intel Core i5

Intel  core i7

Intel Core I7 Extreme

Intel Celeron

Intel Ser ver CProcessors

Intel Xenon

Intel Itanium

AMD processor

AMD  Athlon

AMD  Sempron

AMD DURON

AMD SERVER PROCESSOR

AMD opteron

AMD Turon

                                       Switched-mode power supply
A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.

                                                           VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGY                     

According to purpose, computers are either general purpose or specific purpose. General purpose computers are designed to perform a range of tasks.

They have the ability to store numerous programs, but lack in speed and efficiency. Specific purpose computers are designed to handle a specific problem or to perform a specific task. A set of instructions is built into the machine.

According to data handling, computers are analog, digital or hybrid. Analog computers work on the principle of measuring, in which the measurements obtained are translated into data. Modern analog computers usually employ electrical parameters, such as voltages, resistances or currents, to represent the quantities being manipulated. Such computers do not deal directly with the numbers. They measure continuous physical magnitudes. Digital computers are those that operate with information, numerical or otherwise, represented in a digital form. Such computers process data into a digital value (in 0s and 1s). They give the results with more accuracy and at a faster rate. Hybrid computers incorporate the measuring feature of an analog computer and counting feature of a digital computer. For computational purposes, these computers use analog components and for storage, digital memories are used.

According to functionality, computers are classified as :

Analog Computer 

 An analog computer (spelt analogue in British English) is a form of computer that uses continuous physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved

Digital Computer

 A computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities represented as digits, usually in the binary number system

Hybrid Computer (Analog + Digital)

 A combination of computers those are capable of inputting and outputting in both digital and analog signals. A hybrid computer system setup offers a cost effective method of performing complex simulations.

 On the basis of Size

Super Computer

The fastest and most powerful type of computer Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. For example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration.

The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many programs concurrently.

Mainframe Computer

A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously. In the hierarchy that starts with a simple microprocessor (in watches, for example) at the bottom and moves to supercomputers at the top, mainframes are just below supercomputers. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe.

Mini Computer

A midsized computer. In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and mainframes. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.

 Micro Computer or Personal Computer

 

• •     Desktop Computer: a personal or micro-mini computer sufficient to fit on a desk.
  •    Laptop Computer: a portable computer complete with an integrated screen and keyboard. It is generally smaller in size than a desktop computer and larger than a notebook computer.
  •     Palmtop Computer/Digital Diary /Notebook /PDAs: a hand-sized computer. Palmtops have no keyboard but the screen serves both as an input and output device.

Workstations

A terminal or desktop computer in a network. In this context, workstation is just a generic term for a user's machine (client machine) in contrast to a "server" or "mainframe."

Can you answer, what is the meaning of computer software? Most people are familiar with the term, but how is it different from computer hardware, and what is that weird term "firmware" you keep hearing about every once in a while?
Hardware First, Software Second
The easiest way to understand computer software is to grasp the meaning of computer hardware, which consists of the physical components of a computer, including the hard drive, motherboard, power supply, fan, memory and monitor. These components all have physical dimensions and weight, and even though they transmit electronic data and energy, they themselves cannot be transferred in such a way. If you want to move a computer, you have to pick it up and move it.
Software programs like desktop software, printer drivers, Web browsers and word processors are all comprised of data that are electronically recorded onto computer hardware like hard drives and memory. This data tells the computer how to behave and interact with humans and the devices to which the computer is connected. Three broad types of software exist: application software, system software and programming software. Most computers come with software installed on it, including an operating system-a type of system software-that enables the computer to function. Software lacks the physical nature of hardware; although it can be recorded on CD-ROMs, hard disks and other physical objects, it can also be transmitted wirelessly over the Internet or directly between computers using infrared or Bluetooth.
(orang infotech)

The easiest way to understand computer software is to grasp the meaning of computer hardware, which consists of the physical components of a computer, including the hard drive, motherboard

                                  Computer softwar

Computer software is a set of instructions that directs a computer on what and how to perform these instructions. The instructions are usually a collection of computer programs and related data. There are two types of computer software: system software-programs that allow the hardware to run properly and application software-programs that allow users to do something besides simply run the hardware.

Aomputer software, is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do.

In my experienece, computer software is an essential part of being able to access vital information on your pc. Computer software can be used for, document management, tax computing, and most importantly, your opertaing system is a type of software. The list of software is endless, there is computer software for virtually everything.

Computer software is a program written specifically to perform a function that the user needs it to. For instance Microsoft Word performs tasks such as letter writing and checks spelling. 

(Orang Infotech)

Computer software is a collection of computer programs that provide instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Computer software are sets of programs, algorithms, procedures and its documentation.(Orang infotech)

Hardware

                                               Computer hardware
 Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched.In contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.(Orange infotech)

There are a number of different types of computer system in use today.

Personal computer

Hardware of a modern personal computer

1. Monitor 2. Motherboard 3. CPU 4. RAM 5. Expansion cards 6. Power supply 7. Optical disc drive 8. Hard disk drive 9. Keyboard 10. Mouse

Inside a custom-built computer: power supply at the bottom has its own cooling fan.

The personal computer, also known as the PC, is one of the most common types of computer due to its versatility and relatively low price. Laptops are generally very similar, although may use lower-power or reduced size components.

Case

Main article: Computer case

The computer case is a plastic or metal enclosure that houses most of the components. Those found on desktop computers are usually small enough to fit under a desk, but many newer computers use more compact designs. Laptops are computers with a clamshell form factor, that fold up into a device that includes an integrated screen.

Power supply

Main article: Power supply unit (computer)

A power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage DC power for the internal components of the computer. Laptops are capable of running from a built-in battery, normally for a period of hours.^[5]

Motherboard

Main article: Motherboard

The motherboard is the main component inside the case. It is a large rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives(CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots.
Components directly attached to or part of the motherboard include:

• The CPU (Central Processing Unit) performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function, and is sometimes referred to as the "brain" of the computer. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan. Most newer CPUs include an on-die Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).
• The Chipset, which includes the north bridge, mediates communication between the CPU and the other components of the system, including main memory.
• The Random-Access Memory (RAM) stores the code and data that are being actively accessed by the CPU.
• The Read-Only Memory (ROM) stores the BIOS that runs when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution, a process known as Bootstrapping, or "booting" or "booting up". The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) includes boot firmware and power management firmware. Newer motherboards use Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS.
• Buses connect the CPU to various internal components and to expansion cards for graphics and sound.

Expansion cards

Main article: Expansion card

The [expansion card] in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.

Storage devices

Main article: Computer data storage

Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components and recording media that retain digital data. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.
Fixed media
Data is stored by a computer using a variety of media. Hard disk drives are found in virtually all older computers, due to their high capacity and low cost, but solid-state drives are faster and more power efficient, although currently more expensive than hard drives, so are often found in more expensive computers. Some systems may use a disk array controller for greater performance or reliability.
Removable media
To transfer data between computers, a USB flash drive or Optical disc may be used. Their usefulness depends on being readable by other systems; the majority of machines have an optical disk drive, and virtually all have a USB port.

Input and output peripherals

Main article: Peripheral

Input and output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis. The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems.
Input
Input devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Most personal computers have a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include webcams, microphones, joysticks, and image scanners.
Output device
Output devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could include printers, speakers, monitors or a Braille embosser.(Orange infotech)

System information

Information system (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software (see information technology) that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data.(Orangeinfotech).